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<text id=93CT1607>
<title>
Belize--History
</title>
<history>
Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
Middle America
Belize
</history>
<article>
<source>CIA World Factbook</source>
<hdr>
History
</hdr>
<body>
<p> The Mayan civilization spread into the area of Belize
between between 1500 BC and AD 300 and flourished until about
AD 1000. Several major archeological sites, notably Caracol,
Lamanai, Labaantun, Altun Ha, and Xunantunich, reflect the
advanced civilization and much denser population of that period.
European contact began in 1502 when Columbus sailed along the
coast. The first recorded European settlement was begun by
shipwrecked English seamen in 1638. Over the next 150 years,
more English settlements were established. This period was also
marked by piracy, indiscriminate logging, and sporadic attacks
by Indians and neighboring Spanish settlements.
</p>
<p> Great Britain first sent an official representative to the
area in the late 18th century, but Belize was not formally
termed the "Colony of British Honduras" until 1840. It became
a crown colony in 1862. Subsequently, several constitutional
changes were enacted to expand representative government. Full
internal self-government under a ministerial system was granted
in January 1964. The official name of the territory was changed
from British Honduras to Belize in June 1973, and fill
independence was granted on September 21, 1981.
</p>
<p>Political Conditions
</p>
<p> Belize is a parliamentary democracy on the Westminster model
and is a member of the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II is head
of state and is represented in the country by Governor General
Dame Dr. Minita E. Gordon, a Belizean. The primary executive
organ of government is the cabinet, led by a prime minister
(head of government). Cabinet ministers are members of the
majority political party in parliament and usually hold elected
seats in the National Assembly concurrently with their cabinet
positions.
</p>
<p> The National Assembly consists of a House of Representatives
and a Senate. The 28 members of the House are popularly elected
to a maximum 5-year term. Of the Senate's eight members, five
are selected by the prune minister, two by the leader of the
opposition, and one by the governor general.
</p>
<p> The Belize government is controlled by the People's United
Party (PUP), which won 15 of the 28 seats in the House of
Representatives on September 4, 1989. The United Democratic
Party (UDP) won the other 13 seats. The UDP had governed Belize
from December 1984 until September 1989. Before 1984, the PUP
had dominated the electoral scene for over 30 years. Prime
Minister George Price was Premier from 1961 until the granting
of independence in 1981 when he became Prime Minister, a post
he held until the 1984 election and regained in 1989.
</p>
<p> Members of the independent judiciary are appointed. The
judicial system includes local magistrates, the Supreme Court,
and the Court of Appeal. Cases may, under certain circumstances,
be appealed to the Privy Council in London. The country is
divided into six districts: Corozal, Orange Walk, Cayo, Belize,
Stann Creek, and Toledo.
</p>
<p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
May 1990.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>